Synchrony vs Diachrony in Speech

Synchrony corresponds to the horizontal axis of language, i.e., the static aspect of language. Diachrony corresponds to the vertical axis of language, i.e., its evolution and development. When reading religious texts, we must be careful not to mix these two aspects of language. The result is a faulty methodology and confusion. This happens constantly in the Spanish language, where the same word has multiple meanings in a different country, let alone from one time period to another. The key of understanding is placing oneself in the context of the author of the text.